Strep throat is a bacterial infection of the throat and tonsils caused specifically by Group A Streptococcus bacteria, scientifically known as Streptococcus pyogenes. Unlike viral throat infections, strep throat requires antibiotic treatment and can lead to serious complications if left untreated.
The causative bacteria: Streptococcus pyogenes is a spherical, gram-positive bacterium that typically forms chains when viewed under a microscope. This particular strain of strep bacteria is highly contagious and specifically targets throat tissues, causing characteristic inflammation and symptoms.
How strep throat differs from viral sore throats: While viral infections cause gradual onset of mild to moderate throat pain along with cold symptoms, strep throat typically begins suddenly with severe throat pain. The bacterial infection creates a more intense inflammatory response than viral infections.
Classic strep throat symptoms include:
- Sudden onset of severe sore throatÂ
- Pain when swallowingÂ
- Red, swollen throat and tonsilsÂ
- White or yellow patches on the throat or tonsilsÂ
- Swollen, tender lymph nodes in the neckÂ
- Fever (often 101°F or higher)Â
- Headache and body achesÂ
Notable absences in strep throat: Unlike viral URIs, strep throat typically doesn’t cause runny nose, cough, or sneezing. If these symptoms are prominent, a viral infection is more likely.
Why proper diagnosis matters: Strep throat requires antibiotic treatment to prevent serious complications including rheumatic fever (which can damage the heart), kidney problems, and the spread of infection to other body parts. Left untreated, the bacteria can cause severe complications.
Contagiousness: Strep throat spreads through respiratory droplets when infected people cough, sneeze, or talk. You’re most contagious when symptoms are worst, but become non-contagious within 24 hours of starting appropriate antibiotic treatment.
Testing: Rapid strep tests can detect the bacteria in minutes, though throat cultures provide the most accurate diagnosis.
If you’re experiencing sudden, severe throat pain with fever, ChatRx can help determine if you likely have strep throat and need antibiotic treatment.
